Handicraft

Posted by arrah_chatellie






Need accessories? Sometimes, it's not necessary to buy expensive glittering jewelries to wear, we have what we call fashion jewelries which are cheaper and it looks beautiful at its cost. This kind of jewelries are product of handicrafts. Handicraft, also known as craft work or simply craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools. It is usually applied to traditional means of making goods. There are various things that could be made just by hands like stuffed toys, cards, pots, decors, jewelries and many more. The photos above shows a sample pictures of a jewelry made by hand.

How to make Fashion Jewelry ?

Materials:  
*beading wire- 30 - 32 gauge is quite soft and not stiff enough for forming loops in wire to attach jump rings to, so wire in gauges of 22 - 24 is much better for making bracelet links.
*fastening clasp
*wire cutters
*round nosed pliers
*selected beads
*jump rings-jump rings are small metal hoops with one cut placed in them so that they can be attached to another metal link and then closed carefully with pliers.

To create the bracelet, cut the beading wire into equal lengths. The exact length you’ll need will depend on whether you'll be using one or several beads on each wire piece, plus the sizes of the beads you chose. Make a little loop on one end of each piece of wire before adding one or more beads to the wire. Finish the beaded link by forming another loop on the other end of the wire piece. To complete the bracelet, connect the beaded links with jump rings and then attach the metal fastening clasp.
You can use any beads that you love when you make bead bracelets. Glass and crystal beads usually look more tasteful than plastic ones. You can decide whether you prefer to make bracelets with gold or silver colored beading wire and findings. Beading wire is also available in colors such as pink, orange, purple, green and blue.

It's good to start making simple things first before going on to complicated ones. You can also start by making necklace or earrings. 











To know more about making bracelets by hand you can check the video below.

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Graphic Science and Arts

Posted by arrah_chatellie

In this subject we are able to make different kids of artwork and also developed our talents and skills in the field of arts.One project that we have is the scrapbook making. A photo album just shows you the photos but a scrapbook tells the story. A scrapbook can contain photo, mementos, notes about the event and by the page's look and feel; it can depict a 'mood'.
What you need..

Materials Needed:
Paper - Acid and lining free card stock, paper, and vellum are some of the options.
Adhesive - You need some good adhesive or you will have pictures falling out of your scrapbook, Some of the commonly used adhesives include sticky dots, double sided tape, spray glue.
Cutting Equipment- A good craft scissor will be a good option to give a nice wavy effect to the pictures.
Scrapbook - Embellishments
You will use embellishments to decorate your scrapbook page layouts, these come in different forms like wire, ribbons, stickers, stamps, brads etc another good option is to purchase a machine that will cut shapes and create your own embellishments.
Glue or Paste


SCRAPBOOK-PROCESS
by: Herman M. Dias


Once you have decided the theme of your scrapbook, you need to select a picture or pictures that will be the focal point of first page and then you can use the colors in the picture to determine the color scheme of the whole page.

Once the picture are on you can use some fancy wording and then decorate it with brads, ribbons, paper etc.
When you are doing your scrapbook, do not over do it, don't make it bulky with embellishments because you will need to place the sheet in a plastic sleeve.

An one last tip, when you by the paper, choose acid and lignin free products, using anything else will deteriorate your scrapbook over time. 
One of the most important things to remember when creating scrapbook page layouts is not to overdo them, remember they will need to be placed into a thin plastic sleeve so attaching bulky embellishments simply won't work and will look unsightly in your scrapbook.



                                                    This is my scrapbook project


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Basic electronics

Posted by arrah_chatellie
Electronics is the branch of science and technology which makes use of the controlled motion of electrons through different media and vacuum. In this course you will be able to make electronic devices and components. An AC DC Power Supply is one of the devices that we had as our project. What is a power supply?A power supply could be something as simple as a 9v battery or it could be as complex as a precision laboratory power supply. 




Terms and materials to remember:

*Rectifier-is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a process known as rectification. 
*Capacitor- is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator).
*Transformer- is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils.


This is a very basic unregulated dc power supply. The ac from the transformer secondary is rectified by a bridge rectifier D1 to D4 which may also be a block rectifier such as WO4 or even four individual diode such as 1N4004 types. The principal advantage of a bridge rectifier is you do not need a center tap on the secondary of the transformer. A further but significant advantage is that the ripple frequency at the output is twice the line frequency (i.e. 50 Hz or 60 Hz) and makes filtering somewhat easier. 

As a design example consider we wanted a small unregulated bench supply for our projects. Here we will go for a voltage of about 12 - 13V at a maximum output current (IL) of 500ma (0.5A). Maximum ripple will be 2.5% and load regulation is 5%.Now the rms secondary voltage (primary is whatever is consistent with your area) for our power transformer T1 must be our desired output Vo PLUS the voltage drops across D2 and D4 ( 2 * 0.7V), all divided by 1.414.This means that Vsec = [13V + 1.4V]  / 1.414 which equals about 10.2V. Depending on the VA rating of your transformer, the secondary voltage will vary considerably in accordance with the applied load. The secondary voltage on a transformer advertised as say 20VA will be much greater if the secondary is only lightly loaded. If we accept the 2.5% ripple as adequate for our purposes then at 13V this becomes 13 * 0.025 = 0.325 Vrms.  The peak to peak value is 2.828 times this value. Vrip = 0.325V X 2.828 = 0.92 V and this value is required to calculate the value of C1. Also required for this calculation is the time interval for charging pulses. If you are on a 60Hz system it it 1 / (2 * 60 ) = 0.008333 which is 8.33 milliseconds. For a 50Hz system it is 0.01 sec or 10 milliseconds. 






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Basic electricity

Posted by arrah_chatellie
 
Basically, electricity is a form of energy is produced by the movement of electrons.This form of energy can be sent through wires in a flow of tiny particles. It is used to produce light and heat and to run motors. The main source of electricity is induction. What is induction? Induction is the process of heating an electrically conducting object.The generation of electromotive force in a closed circuit by a varying magnetic flux through the circuit. There are two classification of electricity which are AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current).

    AC waves flows many directions, continually changing between positive (+) and negative (-). The rate of changing direction is called frequency of the AC and it is measured in hertz (Hz) which is the number of forwards-backwards cycles per second.
    This shape is called sine wave

    DC always flows in one direction, but it may increase or decrease. A DC voltage is always positive (or always negative) ,but it may increase or decrease. Electronic circuits normally require a steady DC supply which is constant at one value or a smooth DC supply which has small variation called ripple.  
    Steady DC
     

    Smooth DC
    In basic electricity, a circuit is a path between two or more points along which an electrical current can be carried. A simple circuit contains a minimum things needed to have a functioning electric circuit, it requires the following:
    • A source of potential difference or voltage. (battery or electrical outlet)
    • A conductive path which would allow for the movement of charges. (typically made of wire)
    • An electrical resistance (resistor) which is loosely defined as any object that uses electricity to do work. (bulb, electric motor, speaker, etc.)

    Example of a simple circuit




    SAFETY FIRST: 
    We all know that working with electricity involved in it is hazardous. In this field it is a need to be extra careful to avoid accidents/electric shocks. Electrical safety is primarily dependent upon appropriate job planning and correct testing procedures and techniques.





    reference: 
    © John Hewes 2010, The Electronics Club, www.kpsec.freeuk.com
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    Drafting

    Posted by arrah_chatellie

    In our drafting subject, one of the topics that we have taken is the "Geometric construction". This geometric construction is basically an important thing for engineering aids, as a draftsman. A draftsman must possess the knowledge of the principles of geometric construction and also its application. This often involves drawing lines, a circle, an arc of a circle or a fillet, a circular curve, or a combination of these basic types of line.

    Here is an example of a basic steps in geometric construction.

    The following are needed:
    • paper
    • pencil
    • compass
    • straightedge ruler
    Bisecting a Line
    Steps:

    Start with a line segment PQ.


    Place the compass on one end of the line segment.


    Set the compass width to a approximately two thirds the line length. The actual width does not matter.


    Without changing the compass width, draw an arc on each side of the line.


    Again without changing the compass width, place the compass point on the the other end of the line. Draw an arc on each side of the line so that the arcs cross the first two.


    Using a straightedge, draw a line between the points where the arcs intersect.


    Done. This line is perpendicular to the first line and bisects it (cuts it at the exact midpoint of the line).




    This is how to bisect a line. It's one of the basics done in drafting, and there are still many kinds of construction in drafting, there are also bisecting an angle, getting the center of a circle, equilateral triangle etc. All these things are very useful and it's important to learn all about these things.



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