Basic Carpentry

Posted by arrah_chatellie

Life in this country is hard enough with a roof over your head, so we cannot even begin to imagine how difficult it must be to be homeless. Most of us want to have our dream house--in the very near future as possible; it's one of our basic needs, a place for comfort and protection.

Talking about a house, every part of it or its structure is important, one of these is the roof, and you can't live in a house or any building without it. Roof is the top covering of a building that serves as a protective covering from weather.


Roof comes in different types.

⌂ Shed or Lean-to-Roof
It is considered as the simplest form of roof consisting one single slope.



⌂ Gable or Pitch Roof
The most common type of roof, made of triangular sections consisting of two slopes meeting at the center of the ridge forming a gable.



⌂ Saw Tooth Roof
It is the development of the shed made into a series of lean-to-roof covering one building.



⌂ Double Gable Roof
It is a modification of gable or a hip and valley roof.



⌂ Hip Roof
It is also a common form used in modern houses having straight sides all sloping towards the center of the building terminating at the ridge.



⌂ Hip and Valley Roof
It is a common combination of hip roof and intersecting gable roof forming a T or L shaped building.



⌂ Pyramid Roof
It is a modification of the hip roof wherein the four straight sides are sloping towards the center terminating at a point.



⌂ Gambrel Roof
It is the modification of the gable roof with each side having two slopes.



⌂ Ogee Roof
It is a pyramid having steep sides sloping to the center.



⌂ Mansard Roof
The sides slope steeply from each side of the building towards the center forming a flat deck on top.



⌂ French or Concave Mansard Roof
It is a modification of the mansard roof where the sides are concave.



⌂ Dome
It is a hemispherical form of roof usually used in observatories.



⌂ Conical Roof or Shire
It is a steep roof of a circular base to a central point.



⌂ Butterfly Roof It is a two shed roof where the slope meet at the center of the building.

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Welding

Posted by arrah_chatellie

When I was a kid, I was a bit enjoying watching those big sparks in welding because it looks like big sparklers. What is welding anyway?

Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins material, usually metal or thermoplastic, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint.The spark we see in welding is actually what they call "weld splash". Weld Splash is an unwanted creation of small metal particles that are expelled from the welding area during the welding process. These small metal particles can be airborne in the form of “hot sparks” or can solidify as small “balls” or “filaments” that remain loosely attached to the welding area.

Hazards are both common in arc and oxygen-fuel gas welding, it's even a combination of safety and health risks. By its nature welding produces fumes and noise, gives off radiation, involves electricity or gases, and has the potential for burns, shock, fire, and explosions. A welder must first wear protective gear before doing any welding operations and observe safety practices.
These are the protective gears needed:
  • Flameproof gauntlet gloves, a leather or asbestos apron, and high-top shoes to provide good protection against sparks and spatter.
  • Protective clothing (jacket/long sleeves) to cover all exposed areas of the body for protection sparks, hot spatter, and radiation.
  • Leak-proof helmets equipped with filter plates to protect against ultraviolet, infrared, and visible radiation.

Welding Tools and Equipment:
  • Filter rod/electrode
  • Welding Machine
  • Electrode holder
  • Electrode cable
  • Base metal or Parent metal


The welder is now all set for welding.



Stick or SMAW Welding

Stick or SMAW is one among the most widely used welding process. The flux covering on the electrode melts during welding. This forms the gas and slag to shield the arc and molten weld pool. The slag must be chipped off the weld bead after welding. The flux also provides a method of adding scavengers, deoxidizers, and alloying elements to the weld metal.
The principle behind SMAW is that heat is generated by the spark that causes the ends of wires to melt an electric arc.


There are several operation that could be done through SMAW, these are: Butt joint , lap joint, T-joint and Fillet joint. (left to right)

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Clothing and Grooming

Posted by arrah_chatellie


What's
about
stitches??



Everything that we are wearing are sewed products, sewing is used in variety of craft and industries, including shoe-making, sail-making, bookbinding and even manufacturing some kinds of sporting goods. Long before, the ability to sew is what most mothers or women possesses to supply the family's needs, whether clothing needs or a bedding for a warmer and comfortable night sleep. Whatever it is to be sewed, its basic components are the same stitches and seam.

The stitch is a single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing, used to temporarily bond two pieces of cloth together or to manipulate the fabric into gathers. Stitches has it's types or kinds.

KINDS OF STITCHES

⌂ Basting
Back stitch is the strongest hand stitch and is used to imitate machine stitches. Work back stitch from right to left.
  1. Begin with a couple of stitches worked on the spot, and then take a stitch and a space.
  2. Take the needle back over the space and bring it out the same distance in front of the thread.
  3. Continue to the end of the seam.
  4. Fasten off with a couple of stitches on the spot.

⌂ Oversewing Stitch
Oversewing, or overcasting, is a way to neaten a raw edge to prevent heavyweight fabrics from fraying. Relate the length of the stitch to the fabric and how badly it will fray.

  1. Begin with a few back stitches.
  2. Make diagonal stitches over the raw edge, spacing them equally and make them all the same length. Be careful not to pull the stitches too tight.

⌂ Running Stitch
This stitch is use for seams and for gathering.
  1. Fasten the thread with a few back stitches and work small stitches by passing the needle in and out of the fabric. Keep the stitches and spaces as even as possible.


⌂ Slip stitch
This stitch is used for holding a folded edge, such as a double hem, to a flat piece of fabric.
  1. Work from right to left with a single thread fastened with a knot hidden inside the hem.
  2. Bring the needle out through the folded edge, pick up a few threads of the flat fabric and then work through the fold again.
  3. Slide the needle along, come out of the fold to make the next stitch.

⌂ Tacking Stitch
This is used to hold the fabric in position while it is being permanently stitched. Similar to running stitch but with longer stitches. Also known as Basting.
  1. Work with single or double thread, knotted at the end, and make evenly spaced stitches by taking the needle in and out of the fabric.
  2. End a line of tacking with 1 back stitch or a knot.
  3. To release the tacking stitches, cut off the knot and pull out the thread.

So these are the basic stitches which are useful and important to learn even during this age where sewing is not a common hobby anymore. We might badly need it in an unexpected situation; for instance, if you unexpectedly have your clothe/uniform destroyed and it needs repair, having the basic knowledge about sewing using these stitches will be a lot of help.

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